ÀÌ·¯´×(e-Learning) ºÐ¾ß

¡¤ e-Learning ±¹Á¦ Ç¥ÁØÈ­ ±â±¸ ¹× ¿ªÇÒ

¡¤         ISO/IEC JCT1 SC36(Information Technology for Learning, Education, and Training)

±¹Á¦ Ç¥ÁØÀ» Á¤ÇÏ´Â ISO¿¡¼­ 36¹ø° ºÐ°ú·Î¼­ 1999³â¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³À¸¸ç, ÇнÀ, ±³À°, ÈÆ·ÃÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç ºÎºÐÀÇ Á¤º¸ ±â¼úÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÈ­¸¦ ±â¼úÀû ºÎºÐ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹®È­Àû Ãø¸é±îÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â »óÈ£¿î¿µ¼º¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ´Ù. 2000³â 3¿ù ù ȸÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 2002³â7¿ù¿¡ Çѱ¹Àº Á¤È¸¿øÀ¸·Î °¡ÀÔÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ°ú¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ºÐ°ú·Î´Â user interface(SC35), data management and exchange(SC32), programming language(SC22), charater coding(SC2) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

¡¤         IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC)

1996³â¿¡ ¼³¸³, ±³À° ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ãø¸éÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ °³¹ß, 5°³ ±×·ì(ÀϹÝÀû, ÇнÀÀÚ °ü·Ã, ÄÁÅÙÃ÷°ü·Ã, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ, °ü¸®½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ÀÀ¿ë), ƯÈ÷ ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ(LOM)´Â IMS, ARIADNE, GESTALT, AICCµîÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. LTSC ȨÆäÀÌÁö¿Ü¿¡ FARANCE Inc. (Edutool.com) ¿¡¼­µµ ÃֽŠÀڷḦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

±³À° ±â¼ú¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ °¢Á¾ ÄÁÆÛ·±½º¸¦ ÁÖÃÖÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¼­ºê±×·ìÀ¸·Î International Forum of Educational Technology & SocietyÀ» µÎ°í, ¹«·á On-Line Journal°ú Åä·ÐÀ» ÁÖµµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

1999³â 3¿ù ¼³¸³, À¯·´ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÁöÇâ ¼­ºñ½º¿Í Á¦Ç°À» ÅëÇØ ¿ø°Ý ±³À° ½ÃÀåÀ» Áö¿ø

ADLÀº ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¹æºÎ¿Í ¹é¾Ç°ü¿¡¼­ ÁÖµµÇØ 1997³â 11¿ù ¸¸µç ±â±¸·Î¼­, ¾çÁúÀÇ ±³À° ÀڷḦ °øÀ¯Çϱâ À§ÇÑ SCORMÀ̶õ ÂüÁ¶ ¸ðµ¨À» 2000³â 1¿ù¿¡ ¹öÀü 1.0À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´°í, 2001³â 1¿ù 1.1À», 10¿ù¿¡ 1.2¸¦, 2003³â ÇöÀç 1.3À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 1.4, 2.x, 3.x µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ·Îµå¸Ê¿¡ µû¸¥ Áö¼ÓÀûÀΠǥÁؾÈÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. SCORMÀº IEEE, IMS, AICC, ARIADNE¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¸ðµ¨À» ÅëÇÕÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±³À° ÀÚ·á °øÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇÑ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ±¹Á¦ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Academic Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Co-LabÀÌ ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ÀÚ·áµéÀÌ Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, SCORM ÄÚ½º°¡ Åػ罺A&M´ëÇÐ .E.R.Jones±³¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ SCORMÀ» º¸´Ù ¹ßÀü½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ, ¹Ì±¹ Carnegie Mellon University¿Í ¿µ±¹ Open UniversityµîÀÇ ´ëÇеé°ú IBM, Cisco, Click2Learn, MicrosoftµîÀÇ È¸»ç°¡ ¸ðÀÎ CLEO(Customized Learning Experience Online) LabÀ̶õ °ÍÀÌ ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. SCORM ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ °³¹ßÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡À̵å´Â Ä«³×±â¸á·Ð´ëÇÐ(CMU)ÀÇ Learning System Architecture Labs¿¡ Àß Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Ç×°ø »ê¾÷ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÈƷà ǥÁØ Á¦Á¤À» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î 1988³â ¼³¸³, ÄÚ½º°³¹ß°ú ÇнÀÀÚ°ü¸®/ÄÚ½º¿þ¾îÆò°¡¸¦ À§ÇØ °ü·Ã ±ÔÁ¤À» Á¤ÇØ Áöħ ¸¶·Ã, LMS Ç¥ÁØÈ­·Î È®´ë

IMS´Â ÇнÀ ÄÁÅÙÃ÷¿Í ÇнÀÀÚ¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇнÀ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÄÄÆ÷³ÊÆ® »çÀÌ¿¡ »óÈ£¿î¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â XML ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¸í¼¼¼­¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ¹èÆ÷Çϱ⠸ñÀûÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇöÀç Content Packaging, Learner Information Package, Meta-data, Question & Test, Simple Sequencing µî 10°¡ÁöÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ ½ºÆåÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇнÀ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ½±°Ô »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ToolkitÀ» IMS ¸â¹öÁß SUN»ç¿Í MS»ç°¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

1996³â 1¿ù¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ±³À° ÈƷÿ¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ ±³À° ÄÄÆ÷³ÍÆ®¸¦ »ý¼º, ÀúÀå, Àü´Þ, Àç»ç¿ëÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ µµ±¸¿Í ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ °³¹ß¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡

ACTS ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® Áß PROSPECT, RENAISSANCE, GAIA ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡¼­ °³¹ßµÈ µµ±¸¿Í ±â¼úµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿Â¶óÀÎ ÈƷÿ¡ °üÇÑ µ¥¸ð¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ºÐ»ê Ç÷§ÆûÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ CORBA/DCOM ±â¼úÀ», ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â IMS, IEEE LTSC¸¦, °´Ã¼ µ¿±âÈ­¸¦ À§ÇØ SMIL µîÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â¼úµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

1995³â 5¿ù OCLC(Online Computer Library Center)¿Í NCSA¿¡¼­ Áö¿øÇÑ ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¿öÅ©˜ÞÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ ´õºí¸°½Ã¿¡¼­ ¿­¸². 15°³ÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Á¤ÀÇ. 1999³â 8¿ù ºÎÅÍ ±³À° ¿¬±¸ ºÐ°ú(DC-ED)¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ±³À°ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀåÀ» ¿¬±¸.

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±³À°ºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±³»çµé¿¡°Ô ÃÊÁß°íµîÇб³(K-12), Á¤ºÎ±â°ü, ´ëÇÐ, ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ Á¦°ø ¾÷ü µî ºñ¿µ¸®/»ó¿ë ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÄÁÅÙÃ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½±°í ºü¸¥ Á¢±ÙÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±³À° ÀÚ·á °Ë»ö »çÀÌÆ®

È£ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇÑ ÇнÀ, ±³À°, ÈÆ·ÃÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡À» Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÁõÁø½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ¼­ºñ½º·Î¼­, ±³À° ¹× ÈƷÿ¡ °üÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮 ¿ªÇÒ°ú ±³¼ö-ÇнÀÀ» À§ÇÑ À¥ ±â¹ÝÀÇ À¯¿ëÇÑ ÀÚ¿øÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÁÖ·Î ÃÊÁß°íµîÇб³(K-12) ±³À°°ú °ü¸® ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î(ÇлçÇàÁ¤, µµ¼­°ü, À½½Ä, ÅëÇÐ)ÀÇ »óÈ£ ¿î¿µ¼º°ú ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º Áï, À¥¼­¹ö, À½¼º¼­¹ö, PDAµî¿¡¼­ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ »ê¾÷°è Áö¿ø ±â¼úÀû û»çÁøÀ» Á¦°øÇϴµ¥ ¸ñÀûÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç IBM, ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¼ÒÇÁÆ®, ½ã ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½Ã½ºÅÛ, ¾ÖÇÃÄÄÇ»ÅÍ, ¿À¶óŬ µîÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °ü·Ã ±â¾÷ü¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ 120°³ÀÇ ±â¾÷ü ¹× ±â°üµéÀÌ È¸¿øÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

P2P ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ±³À° ÀÚ·áÀÇ Àç»ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ°íÀÚ NSFÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¹Ì±¹ À¯Å¸´ëÇÐÀÇ David Wiley ±³¼öÆÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÀÇ ¼Ò½º ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÌ´Ù.

  • Campus Computing Project, °íµî ±³À° ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ Á¤º¸±â¼ú(IT) È°¿ë¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î ¼¼¹Ì³ª, Åä·Ð, ÄÁÆÛ·±½º¸¦ ÅëÇÑ È°µ¿À» Àü°³
  • LCMS Council, 2000³â 11¿ù¿¡ LCMS º¥´õµéÀÌ ¸ð¿© ÇнÀ ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ßÀü ¹æÇâÀ» ¸ð»öÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ðÀÓ
  • Open Archives Initiative(OAI), µðÁöÅÐ ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ÀÇ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ À¯Åë ¹× È°¿ëÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »óÈ£¿î¿µ¼ºÀ» °®´Â °³¹æÇü Á¤º¸ Á¦°ø ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿öÅ©¿Í ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ°í º¸±ÞÇÏ´Â ´Üü·Î¼­ Digital Library Federation, Coalition for Networked Information, NSF µî¿¡¼­ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
  • Open eBook Forum(OeBF), ÀüÀÚ ÃâÆÇ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ °³¹ß°ú ¹ßÀüÀ» À§ÇÑ XML ±â¹ÝÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÈ­¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â Æ÷·³À¸·Î, Microsoft, Adobe Systems Inc., Palm Digital MediaµîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǿÀ ÀÖ°í, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ 5°³ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ±×·ìÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½. Metadata & Identifiers WG, Publication Structure WG, Requirements WG, Rights & Rules WG, Systems WG

¡¤  e-Learning ±¹³» Ç¥ÁØÈ­ ±â±¸/ÇÐȸ/±×·ì ¹× ÀÚ·á »çÀÌÆ®

¡¤  ±³À° ¹× ÇнÀ¿ë °ø°³ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î(Open Source Software)

ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ºÐ¾ß Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¿ÀÇ ¼Ò½º ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®µéÀÌ ´ëÁßÈ­ ¹× ÀϹÝÈ­µÇ°í ÀÖ¾î, ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ±³À°¿ë ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­µµ ¿ÀÇ ¼Ò½º ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®µéÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

  • Moodle(http://moodle.org/) ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇ ÇнÀ À̷п¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ LMS/LCMS·Î Àü¼¼°è ¸¹Àº Çб³/±â¾÷¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, PHP, MySQLÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ä£¼÷ÇÑ È¯°æÀÌ¸ç °³¹ß Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼµµ È°¹ßÈ÷ È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½. ÀÎÇÏ°ø¾÷Àü¹®´ëÇÐ ¿Â¶óÀÎÇнÀ¿¡µµ ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿¡µà¿÷½º(EduWalks) ȸ»ç¿¡¼­ ÇѱÛÈ­ ¹× Ä¿½ºÅ͸¶ÀÌ¡ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½
  • DotLRN(http://www.dotlrn.org) – ¹Ì±¹ MIT °ø´ë¿¡¼­ °³¹ßÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â LMS·Î¼­, Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ´ëÇп¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ ±â´ÉÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÁÁÀ¸¸ç tck/tk ·Î °³¹ßÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½, ±¹³»¿¡¼­´Â Áö³ëÅØÅ©¿¡¼­ ÇѱÛÈ­ ¹× Ä¿½ºÅ͸¶ÀÌ¡À» »ç¾÷È­ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½
  • ACT(http://www.atutor.ca/) - ij³ª´Ù Åä·ÐÅä ´ëÇп¡¼­ °³¹ßÇÏ¿© ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â LCMS·Î¼­, PHP·Î °³¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ç¿ëÀÇ Æí¸®¼ºÀÌ ÁÁÀ½
  • CourseWork(Open Source LMS) ½ºÅÄÆ÷µå ´ëÇÐ ÇмúÁ¤º¸È­ÆÀ¿¡¼­ °³¹ßÇÑ ¿ÀÇ ¼Ò½º LMS·Î ÄÚ½º À¥ »çÀÌÆ®¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿© °Ô½Ã¹°À» Á¦°øÇϰųª °­ÀÇ·Ï, ½ºÄÉÁì, ¿Â¶óÀη¹Æ÷Æ®, ÄûÁî, Åä·Ð, ¼ºÀûÇ¥µîÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
  • SIGOSSEE(SIG Open Source Software for Education in Europe) / JOIN, ±³À°¿¡¼­ °ø°³¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ Áöħ°ú ¿¬±¸, Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °Í, JOINÀº °ø°³ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î LMS »ç¿ë¿¡ À־ °øÅëÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦Á¡µé°ú Á¤º¸¸¦ °øÀ¯Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °Í
  • Seul/Edu Educational Application Index, http://richtech.ca/seul/
  • Educational Software for the K Desktop Environment(age 3-18), http://edu.kde.org/
  • Open Source Education Foundation , http://osef.org/
  • open resources for primary and secondary education, http://Schoolforge.net
  • Organization for Free Software in Education and Teaching, http://www.ofset.org/freeduc/
  • RELOAD(Reusable eLearning Object Authoring & Delivery), RELOAD Editor and SCORM Player, http://sourceforge.net/projects/x4l-reload/
  • Topic Maps 4 E-Learning(TM4L), Towards Reusable and Shareable Courseware: Topic Maps-based Digital Libraries, ÀÚ¹Ù·Î °³¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿ÂÅç·ÎÁö¿Í ÄÁÅؽºÆ®¸¦ Áö¿øÇÔ

¡¤  ±³À° ÀÌ·Ð

¡¤         Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database, Greg Kearsley

±³À°°øÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ÇÐÀÚÁß ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î Áö½Ä ¸ðµ¨¸µ, ÀÎÁöµµ±¸µî¿¡¼­ µ¶Ã¢ÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ÀÖ¾î°í, Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾ÆÁÖ¸³´ëÇп¡ ÀÖ´Ù°¡ ¹ÌÁÖ¸®´ëÇÐÀ¸·Î ¿Å°å´Ù.

¡¤         Computational Learning Theory(COLT), Arithmetic Learning Theiry(ALT)

¡¤         Neural Network and Learning Theory, ESPRIT Working Group

¡¤         ACT Group, John Anderson, Carnegie Mellon University

¡¤ Áö´ÉÇü ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ(ITS: Intelligent Tutoring System)

¡¤         ACM Crossroads, Applications of AI in Education

¡¤         AAAI ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ÀΰøÁö´É°ú ±³À°¿¡ °üÇÑ ±Û°ú °ü·Ã »çÀÌÆ®

½ºÅÄÆ÷µå¿Í MIT¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ ¼®¹Ú»ç¸¦ ÇÑ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×´ëÇÐ ±³¼ö·Î, Áö´ÉÇü ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛÁß ÇнÀÀÚ ¸ðµ¨¸µÀ» È®·ü(probability)Àû ±â¹ý(º£À̽þȳ×Æ®)À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, NSF Áö¿ø ¿¬±¸ ¼¾ÅÍÀÎ CircleÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿© ±âÇÏÇб³À°°ú ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ°í, 3¼¼´ë ITS¸¦ ¹°¸®±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ Andre¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â¼ú(ITS, CSCL, Hypermediaµî)µéÀ» Á¢¸ñÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÀ¿ë ºÐ¾ßµµ È­ÇÐ, °øÇÐ, ¼öÇÐ, ¹°¸®, ¿¹¼ú, ¾ð¾îµî ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. Woolf±³¼ö ¹Ø¿¡¼­ °øºÎÇÑ Mia SternÀº MANIC¶ó´Â À¥ ±â¹Ý °­ÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌ¿¡ ±â¹Ý ÇÑ Web-based Intelligent Tutors Derived from Lecture-based Courses ¶ó´Â ³í¹®À¸·Î 1997³â ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. Tom Murray´Â ITS ÀúÀÛ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¸¹Àº ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù

»ç¿ëÀÚ ¸ðµ¨¸µ°ú Áö´ÉÇü ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ÇнÀÀÚ ¸ðµ¨¸µ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ Stereotype Model¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È°¹ßÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿Í ÇÐȸ È°µ¿À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¹Àº ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.(IJCAI95, ICCE97, ITS2000KeynotePPT)

¡¤         Peter Brusilovsky, University of Pittsburg, USA

Áö´ÉÇü ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¿¬±¸ÇÑ ÇÇÃ÷¹ö±×´ëÇÐ ±³¼ö·Î 90³â´ë Á߹ݺÎÅÍ À¥±â¹Ý Áö´ÉÇü ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´°í, ±Ù·¡¿¡´Â, ÀûÀÀÀû ÇÏÀÌÆ۹̵ð¾î¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹®À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ·¯½Ã¾Æ »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù.

¿µ±¹ ¿¡µò¹ö·¯ ´ëÇÐÀÇ Á¤º¸Çкο¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ ±³À°¿¡ ÀΰøÁö´É ±â¼úÀ» µµÀÔÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â ±×·ìÀÌ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ Àϸ®³ëÀÌ°ø´ë(IIT)¿¡¼­ ¼öÇàÇÑ Áö´ÉÇü ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ °³¹ß ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®·Î ¿©·¯¸íÀÇ ¹Ú»ç ³í¹®ÀÌ ³ª¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ±¹¹Î´ëÀÇ ¿ìÁ¾¿ì±³¼ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ Çѱ¹Àεµ ¿©·¯¸í ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °¡¸é ÇÐÀ§³í¹®°ú ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ³í¹®µéÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

1998³â¿¡ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ The Application of Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Techniques to Educational Hypermedia À̶õ ±³À°¿ë ÇÏÀÌÆ۹̵ð¾î¿¡ ´º·²°ú ÆÛÁö ±â¹ýÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ ³í¹®À¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌÈÄ ¸î ÆíÀÇ ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´À½.

¡¤         Belief Network¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î by Russell Almond, Association for Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (AUAI)

    • graphical belief function models
    • Bayesian networks
    • probabilistic graphical models

¡¤         Jim Reye, Belief Network¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÇнÀÀÚ ¸ðµ¨¸µ¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¹®À» ITS96°ú ITS98 ÄÁÆÛ·±½º¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥

¡¤         Student Modeling Survey, Karen Stauffer, Athabasca University

¡¤         À¥ ±â¹Ý Áö´ÉÇü ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸ÃàÀ» À§ÇÑ Ã߷п£Áø

¡¤ XML ±â¹Ý ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ

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¡¤ Semantic Web°ú e-Learning

À¥ÀÇ ÁøÈ­¿¡ µû¶ó À¥ ±â¹Ý ±³À° ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ßµµ ½Ã¸Çƽ À¥ÀÇ ±³À°Àû È°¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ È°¹ßÈ÷ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ¾î, ¿ø°Ý±³À°°ü·Ã ÇÐȸ¿¡ ¼¼¼ÇÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖÀ½. ±³À° ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß°¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, IMS, IEEEµî Ç¥ÁØÈ­ ±â±¸¿¡¼­ RDF¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½. SCORMÀÇ ¹ßÀü ¹æÇâÀ» ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â ¼¼¹Ì³ª¿¡¼­µµ ½Ã¸ÇƽÀ¥ÀÌ µîÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½.

¡¤ ÇÏÀÌÆ۹̵ð¾î ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ

  • Mark David Mann, Oklahoma State University

1999³â Using The Adaptive Navigation Support Technique Of Link Hiding In an Educational Hypermedia System: An Experimental Study ¶õ ³í¹®À¸·Î ±³À°ÇÐ ¹Ú»ç¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½

  • Harold Lee Daniels, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

1996³â¿¡ Interaction of Cognitive Style and Learner Control of Presentation Mode in a Hypermedia Environment ¶õ ³í¹®À¸·Î Curriculum and Instruction Àü°ø ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½

  • Inez H. Farrell, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

2000³â¿¡ Navigation Tools¡¯ Effect on Learners¡¯ Achievement and Attitude ¶õ ³í¹®À¸·Î Teaching and Learning Àü°ø ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½

  • Judith K. Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

2000³â¿¡ Field Dependence-Independence and Computer-based Instruction in Geography ¶õ ³í¹®À¸·Î Teaching and Learning Àü°ø ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½

¡¤ Çù·ÂÀû ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ(Collaboraive, Coperative, CSCL)

¡¤         CSCL(Computer supported collaborative learning) Theories

¡¤         CSCL Brief Overview & Links

¡¤         Proposal of Collaborative Learning Standardization, Advanced Leaning Technologies, 2001

¡¤         CSCL Conference Homepage(1995,1997,1999,2001,2002,2003 Proceedings)

¡¤         Euro-CSCL, ITCOLE(Innovative Technologies for Collaborative Learning and Knowledge Building) project

¡¤         Starr Roxanne Hiltz, NewJersey Institute of Technology(NJIT)

¡¤         Dan Suthers, Laboratory of Interactive Learning Technologies, University of Hawaii

¡¤ °¡»ó Çö½Ç°ú ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ

¡¤         ±¹³» ¿ø°Ý ½ÇÇè ¹× ±³À° °ü·Ã ÀÚ·á, ÀÚµ¿È­¿¬±¸Á¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ,¼­¿ï´ëÇб³

¡¤         James C. Lester Homepage(Knowledge based 3D Learning Environment)

¡¤         W Lewis Johnson Homepage(AI and HCI in Education and Lifelong Learning)

¡¤         Virtual Reality in Training and Education (HIT Lab., University of Washington)

¡¤         Interactive Collaborative Environments(ICE), Swedish Institute of Computer Science(SICS)

¡¤         Web3D Consortium

¡¤         SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics), W3C

¡¤ ¿Â¶óÀÎ ÇÁ·Î½Ãµù ¹× ÀÚ·á »çÀÌÆ®

¡¤         AIED05(The 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education) Proceedings, July 2005

¡¤         W1: Usage Analysis in Learning Systems

¡¤         W2: Adaptive Systems for Web-Based Education: Tools and reusability

¡¤         W3: SW-EL'05: Applications of Semantic Web Technologies for E-Learning

¡¤         W4: Workshop on Motivation and Affect in Educational Software

¡¤         W5: Educational Games as Intelligent Learning Environments

¡¤         W6: Representing and Analyzing Collaborative Interactions: What works? When does it work? To what extent?

¡¤         W7: Narrative Learning Environments

¡¤         W8: Mixed Language Explanations in Learning Environments

¡¤         W9: Third International Workshop on Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Educational Hypermedia

¡¤         W11: Learner Modelling for Reflection, to Support Learner Control, Metacognition and Improved Communication

¡¤         W12: Student Modeling for Language Tutors

¡¤         Informing Science + IT Education Conference Proceedings(2001-2005)

¡¤         Journal of Interactive Media in Education(1996-2005)

¡¤         Digital Library, AACE(Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education)

¡¤         Educational Technology & Society Journal(free), IEEE LTTF

¡¤         Proceedings(in IEEE DL) of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2003), IEEE Computer Society, July. 2003

¡¤         Proceedings(free) of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2002), Technical Committee on Learning Technology (LTTC), IEEE Computer Society, Sep. 2002

¡¤         Proceedings(in IEEE Digital Library) of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, IEEE, 2001.(Presentation ppt file)

¡¤         LMS(Learning Management Systems) ƯÁý, ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¶ÄÏ´º½º, Çѱ¹¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÁøÈï¿ø

¡¤         Proceedings of e-Learning Conference & Expo, April 2002

¡¤         Proceedings of Networked Learning Conference, March, 2002

¡¤         Journals on Research around Tutoring(43 journals), Circle, Univer. of Pitt.

¡¤         e-Learning Centre(the Centre for Learning about e-Learning) , eCLIPSE

¡¤         syllabus magazine(on the use of high tech in higher education, provides a platform for advancing new IT solutions at the college level)

¡¤         On-line Learning News Blog, University of Illinois at Springfield

¡¤         ACM eLearn Magazine

¡¤         elearningpost.com

¡¤         International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education

¡¤         Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, IEEE and UNESCO, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003

¡¤         Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hawaii, USA, January, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002.

¡¤         Proceedings of Australian World Wide Web Conference(AUSWWW), 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001.

¡¤         Proceedings of International Conference on the User Modeling(UM), User Modeling Inc., 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2001.

¡¤         Proceedings of SchoolNet(Korean), 1998,1999,2000

¡¤         Proceedings and Journal of Information Technology and Disabilities, EASI(Equal Access to Software and Information), 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002.

¡¤         Interactive Multimedia Electronic Journal of Computer-Enhanced Learning(IMEj), Wake Forest University, 1999, 2000, 2001.

¡¤         Proceeding links in Homepage of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001

¡¤         Proceedings(in ACM Digital Library) of Computer Supported Cooperative Work(CSCW), ACM, 1988, 90,92,94,96,98,00

¡¤         Journal of Engineering Science and Education,(in IEEE Digital Library), IEEE, 1992 - 2002

¡¤         Journal and Proceedings of Asynchronous Learning Network(ALN), Sloan-C

¡¤         Journal of Information Technology Education, TeachIS, 2002

¡¤         Table of Contents, Proceedings of International Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000

¡¤         Table of Contents(2001), Table of Contents(1999), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia(ED-MEDIA), Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education(AACE).

¡¤         Table of Contents, Proceedings of World   Conference on the WWW and Internet (WebNet2000), Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education(AACE), San Antonio, Texas, USA, Oct. 2000.

¡¤         Proceedings of the International Workshop on Adaptive and Intelligent Web-based education systems held in conjunction with ITS'2000. Also available as a Technical Report, Institute of Semantic Information Processing, Osnabrück, Germany.

¡¤         Proceedings of the Workshop "Intelligent Educational Systems on the World Wide Web" at AI-ED'97, 8th World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. 8-22 August, 1997, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan. Published by ISIR, Osaka, Japan.